Oleh: Novella Parchiano
ABSTRACT
The essence of art is a debatable topic that has never been completed in
aesthetics or philosophy of art. Expressivism is one of the mainstream theories
in aesthetics that define art in the context of emotion and feeling. This is different
from another mainstream, e.g imitation, that define art in the context of copy of reality, and
formalism, that define art in the context of its artwork structure. This
research was made to s how the essential concept of art in term of expressivism,
to compare within it the sub-mainstreams there exist, its weaknesses, and its
valuable ideas. As a literary research, it used traditional aesthetics as
formal object and expressivism standpoint of art as material object. Analysis
framework used here were the concept of essence and quality of art, external
signs, art contains and audience. Method used here was a research model of
historical concept, detailed by its methodological element, such as
interpretation, internal coherency, historical continuity, and comparison. This
research showed that the essence of art in term of expressivism was emotional
expression. Sub-mainstreams in expressivism, both everyday expressivism and
sophisticated expressivism, had a concomitant, difference, and weaknesses in
accordance with quality concept of art, external signs, art contains, and
audience. This mainstream had a great contribution in differencing how to grasp
art imaginatively and conceptually.
Key Word: Expressivism, essence
of art, external signs, art contains, and audience.
ABSTRAKSI
Hakikat seni merupakan topik
perdebatan yang seakan tiada habis dalam estetika atau filsafat seni.
Ekspresivime merupakan aliran estetika yang mendefinisikan seni dalam konteks
emosi dan perasaan. Hal ini berbeda dengan, aliran representasi yang
mendefinisikan seni dalam konteks tiruan realitas dan aliran formal yang
mendefinisikan seni dalam konteks struktur karya seni. Penelitian ini bertujuan
menunjukkan konsep hakikat seni menurut ekspresivisme, perbandingan antar
sub-aliran di dalamnya, kelemahan-kelemahan, dan ide-ide berharganya.
Sebagai penelitian kepustakaan,
penelitian ini menggunakan estetika tradisional sebagai objek formal dan
pandangan ekspresivisme tentang seni sebagai objek material. Kerangka analisis
yang digunakan adalah konsep hakikat dan kualitas seni, sarana seni, kandungan
seni, dan audien seni. Metode yang akan digunakan adalah model penelitian mengenai
suatu konsep sepanjang sejarah, yang pertajam dengan unsur-unsur metodisnya
interpretasi, koherensi internal, kesinambungan historis, dan komparasi. Penelitian
menunjukkan bahwa hakikat seni menurut ekspresivisme adalah ekspresi emosi. Sub
aliran di dalam ekspresivisme, baik ekspresivisme harian atau ekspresivisme
lanjut memiliki beberapa pokok persamaan, perbedaan, dan kelemahan dalam konsep
kualitas seni, sarana seni, kandungan seni, dan audien seni. Aliran ini
mempunyai andil besar dalam membedakan antara memahami seni secara imajinasi
dan konseptual.
Kata Kunci : ekspresivisme, hakikat seni, sarana seni,
kandungan seni, dan audien seni
